Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Robinson BM[original query] |
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Giardiasis Outbreaks - United States, 2012-2017
Conners EE , Miller AD , Balachandran N , Robinson BM , Benedict KM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (9) 304-307 Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the parasite Giardia duodenalis, the most common cause of intestinal parasite infections in the United States. Transmission occurs when Giardia cysts spread from feces to water, food, surfaces, or skin and are then ingested. Illness is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, greasy stools, bloating or gas, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Approximately 50% of infections are asymptomatic (1,2). Most symptomatic Giardia infections are self-limited in duration; however, some persons might experience a reoccurrence of symptoms or develop long-term complications (3). During 2012–2017, public health officials from 26 states reported 111 giardiasis outbreaks (760 cases) to the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS). Three main modes of transmission for these outbreaks were identified: water exposure in 29 (26%) outbreaks, person-to-person contact in 28 (25%) outbreaks, and contaminated food in six (5%) outbreaks. A single transmission mode could not be determined in 48 (43%) of the outbreaks. Private residences and child care facilities were the most common settings of outbreaks for all the transmission modes combined. To prevent and control giardiasis outbreaks, CDC recommends prompt diagnosis, maintaining good hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfecting home environments and child care facilities, and monitoring water quality in private wells. |
Characteristics Associated with Adults Remembering to Wash Hands in Multiple Situations Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, October 2019 and June 2020.
Haston JC , Miller GF , Berendes D , Andújar A , Marshall B , Cope J , Hunter CM , Robinson BM , Hill VR , Garcia-Williams AG . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (40) 1443-1449 Washing hands often, especially during times when one is likely to acquire and spread pathogens,* is one important measure to help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as other pathogens spread by respiratory or fecal-oral transmission (1,2). Studies have reported moderate to high levels of self-reported handwashing among adults worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic (3-5)(†); however, little is known about how handwashing behavior among U.S. adults has changed since the start of the pandemic. For this study, survey data from October 2019 (prepandemic) and June 2020 (during pandemic) were compared to assess changes in adults' remembering to wash their hands in six situations.(§) Statistically significant increases in reported handwashing were seen in June 2020 compared with October 2019 in four of the six situations; the odds of remembering to wash hands was 2.3 times higher among respondents after coughing, sneezing, or blowing their nose, 2.0 times higher before eating at a restaurant, and 1.7 times higher before eating at home. Men, young adults aged 18-24 years, and non-Hispanic White (White) adults were less likely to remember to wash hands in multiple situations. Strategies to help persons remember to wash their hands frequently and at important times should be identified and implemented, especially among groups reporting low prevalence of remembering to wash their hands. |
Association of CKD with disability in the United States
Plantinga LC , Johansen K , Crews DC , Shahinian VB , Robinson BM , Saran R , Burrows NR , Williams DE , Powe NR . Am J Kidney Dis 2010 57 (2) 212-27 BACKGROUND: Little is known about disability in early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional national survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Community-based survey of 16,011 noninstitutionalized US civilian adults (aged ≥20 years). PREDICTOR: CKD, categorized as no CKD, stages 1 and 2 (albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and stages 3 and 4 (eGFR, 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). OUTCOME: Self-reported disability, defined by limitations in working, walking, and cognition and difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, leisure and social activities, lower-extremity mobility, and general physical activity. MEASUREMENTS: Albuminuria and eGFR assessed from urine and blood samples; disability, demographics, access to care, and comorbid conditions assessed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalence of reported limitations generally was significantly greater with CKD: for example, difficulty with ADL was reported by 17.6%, 24.7%, and 23.9% of older (≥65 years) and 6.8%, 11.9%, and 11.0% of younger (20-64 years) adults with no CKD, stages 1 and 2, and stages 3 and 4, respectively. CKD also was associated with greater reported limitations and difficulty in other activities after age adjustment, including instrumental ADL, leisure and social activities, lower-extremity mobility, and general physical activity. Other demographics, socioeconomic status, and access to care generally only slightly attenuated the observed associations, particularly in older individuals; adjustment for cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and cancer attenuated most associations such that statistical significance no longer was achieved. LIMITATIONS: Inability to establish causality and possible unmeasured confounding. CONCLUSION: CKD is associated with a higher prevalence of disability in the United States. Age and other comorbid conditions account for most, but not all, of this association. |
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- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
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